Abstract

Differentiable vector graphics (VGs) are widely used in image vectorization and vector synthesis, while existing representations are costly to optimize and struggle to achieve high-quality rendering results for high-resolution images. This work introduces a new differentiable VG representation, dubbed Bézier Splatting, that enables fast yet high-fidelity VG rasterization. Bézier Splatting samples 2D Gaussians along Bézier curves, which naturally provide positional gradients at object boundaries. Thanks to the efficient splatting-based differentiable rasterizer, Bézier splatting achieves over 20× and 150× faster per forward and backward rasterization step for open curves compared to DiffVG. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive pruning and densification strategy that dynamically adjusts the spatial distribution of curves to escape local minima, further improving VG quality. Experimental results show that Bézier splatting significantly outperforms existing methods with better visual fidelity and 10× faster optimization speed.

Open curve comparison

Closed curve comparison

Editability and Compatibility with SVG XML Format

Our Bézier Splatting representation is compatible with the standard SVG XML format and supports flexible vector editing operations.

Training process visualization

Trained with 1024 closed and open curvers